From raw gathers to a migrated volume: our processing workflow

01Principles

Every project follows the same rule: each step is tested on representative data, the chosen parameters are recorded, and the result is quality-checked before the flow moves on. The client receives the image together with the record of how it was made.

02Pre-processing

The first stage makes the data consistent and clean enough for velocity analysis and imaging:

• Data loading, geometry assignment and field QC.
• Static corrections for near-surface and elevation effects.
• Noise attenuation, including ground roll and random noise.
• Amplitude recovery and deconvolution to restore and sharpen the signal.
• Multiple attenuation where the geology requires it.

03Velocity and imaging

Velocity analysis builds the model that the migration depends on. Pre-stack time migration (PSTM) is fast and robust where the structure is moderate. Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM), with iterative velocity model building, is used where structure is complex or velocities change sharply from place to place.

Migration collapses diffractions and moves dipping events to their true positions, so faults and structural closures appear where they really are.

04Inversion and attributes

Where the project calls for it, AVO analysis separates lithology and fluid effects in the amplitudes, and full-waveform inversion (FWI) uses the complete recorded wavefield to build high-resolution velocity models.

05Deliverables

A typical delivery includes:

• Final migrated volumes or sections in time and/or depth.
• Velocity models and gathers as agreed.
• A processing report with the flow, the parameters and the QC displays at each stage.